SF6 or Vacuum MV Circuit Breaker?

SF6 or vacuum? Approximately 35 years ago, in the mid 1960s, two new breaker technologies, one using SF6 gas and the other vacuum as its arc quenching medium, were introduced to the market. Research and development work on both technologies has continued unabated since then, and today it can be said that, together, they have all but replaced the older types of switchgear. Instead of an objective selection based on real-world characteristics,...

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Capacitor Application Issues

Capacitor Ratings Capacitors must be built to tolerate voltages and currents in excess of their ratings according to standards. The applicable standard for power capacitors is IEEE Std 18-2002, IEEE Standard for Shunt Power Capacitors. Additional information is given in IEEE Std 1036-1992, IEEE Guide for Application of Shunt Power Capacitors. IEEE Std 18-2002 gives the following continuous overload limits. These...

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High Voltage Techniques Course

Introduction The potential benefits of electrical energy supplied to a number of consumers from a common generating system were recognized shortly after the development of the “dynamo” commonly known as the generator. Power transfer for large systems, whether in the context of interconnection of large systems or bulk transfers, led engineers invariably to think in terms of high voltages. The rapidly increasing transmission voltage level...

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Electric-Power-Application-Sizing

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Protection of Electrical Networks

General structure of the private distribution network Generally, with an HV power supply, a private distribution network comprises (see Figure 1-1): Figure 1-1: Structure of a private distribution network An HV consumer substation fed by one or more sources and made up of one or more busbars and circuit-breakers; An internal generation source; One or more HV/MV transformers; A main MV switchboard made up of one or more busbars; An...

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The Application of Switchgear and Switchboards

The Application of Switchgear and Switchboards One important element of good power system design is the proper selection of the distribution equipment. The choice of using either switchgear or switchboard must be based on many different criteria and the design of the power system requires thought be given to each one. Following are insights into just a few of the differences to help in making those decisions. Standards and Testing Switchgear...

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MV-LV transformer substations – ABB

General information on MV/LV transformer substations An electrical transformer substation consists of a whole set of devices (conductors, measuring and control apparatus and electric machines) dedicated to transforming the voltage supplied by the medium voltage distribution grid (e.g. 15kV or 20kV), into voltage values suitable for supplying low voltage lines with power (400V – 690V). The electrical substations can be divided into public substations...

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Selecting Energy Efficient Distribution Transformers

Definition of transformer losses Transformer losses can be divided into two main components: no-load losses and load losses. These types of losses are common to all types of transformers, regardless of transformer application or power rating. There are, however, two other types of losses; extra losses created by harmonics and losses which may apply particularly to larger transformers – cooling or auxiliary losses, caused by the use of...

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Power Transformer Maintenance And Acceptance Testing

ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING MCQS searchfeed ELECTRIC POWER GENERATION TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION searchfeed searchfeed PROTECTION OF ELECTRICAL NETWORKS searchfeed HANDBOOK OF TRANSFORMER DESIGN AND APPLICATIONS searchfeed HANDBOOK OF MODERN SENSORS searchfeed A FIRST COURSE ON POWER ELECTRONICS AND DRIVES searchfeed FLEXIBLE AC TRANSMISSION searchfeed ENERGY EFFICIENT ELECTRICAL...

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