ELCB is used to detect earth leakage fault. Once the phase
and neutral are connected in an ELCB, the current will flow through
phase and that much current will have to return neutral so resultant current is
zero. Once there is aground fault in the load side, current from phase will
directly pass through earth and it will not return
through neutral through ELCB. That means once side current is going and not returning and hence because of this difference
in current ELCB will trip and it will safe guard the other circuits
from faulty loads. If the neutral is not grounded,
fault current will definitely high and that full fault current will come back through ELCB, and there will be no difference in current.
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